What is a Hipot Test?
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A Hipot test involves applying a high voltage to the insulation of a device to verify that it can effectively prevent current from leaking to the device's ground or other unintended paths. This test helps ensure the safety and reliability of electrical equipment by confirming that the insulation is strong enough to handle normal operating voltages and transient voltages that may occur during use.
Hipot Test Standards
Hipot testing is conducted according to various international standards, such as IEC, UL, and others, which specify the test voltage, duration, and acceptable leakage current levels. These standards vary depending on the type of equipment and its intended use.
How to Perform a Hipot Test
Preparation:
Disconnect the device under test (DUT) from any external power sources.
Connect the high voltage source of the Hipot tester to the DUT's live conductors (e.g., power input terminals).
Connect the return or ground lead of the Hipot tester to the DUT's chassis or ground connection.
Applying High Voltage:
Gradually increase the voltage applied to the DUT to the required test voltage as specified by the relevant standard.
Maintain the test voltage for a specified duration, typically ranging from a few seconds to a minute.
Monitoring Leakage Current:
During the test, the Hipot tester monitors the leakage current that flows through the insulation.
If the leakage current exceeds a predefined threshold, the test is considered a failure, indicating a potential insulation weakness or breakdown.
Results Evaluation:
If the DUT withstands the applied voltage without excessive leakage or breakdown, it passes the test.
If the insulation fails (e.g., sparks, arcing, or excessive current), the test fails, and the DUT is deemed unsafe for use.
